Voice Change by B.Ray(M.A.)

                                           Voice Change                                                        

Voice change :- Voice is the form of the verb which indicates if the subject does the work or something has been done to it.

Voice  তিন প্রকার। যথা-  (i)Active Voice (ii)Passive Voice (iii) Quasi-Passive Voice.

তিন প্রকার sentence এর Voice change করতে হয়।এই তিন প্রকার Sentence হয়ঃ 1.Assertive Sentence 2. Interrogative Sentence  3. Imperative Sentence.

Assertive Sentence এর Voice change এর নিয়ম:-

Ø  Subject  টি Object স্থানে বসে । Object টি Subject স্থানে বসে ।

Ø  মূল Verb টি Past Participle Form এ হয় ।

Ø  Subject টি By দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় ।

Ø  Pronoun এর পরিবর্তন হয় ।যেমন: I—Me,We—US,You—You,He—Him,She—Her,They—Them.

Ø  Tense এর পরিবর্তন হয় । 

 যথা-

      Present Indefinite Tense থাকলে Present Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হয়।

      Present Continuous Tense থাকলে Present Continuous Tense এই থাকবে কেবল মাত্র Being কথা টি যুক্ত হয়।

      Present Perfect Tense থাকলে Present Perfect Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হয়।

      Past Indefinite Tense থাকলে Past Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হয়।

      Past Continuous Tense থাকলে Past Continuous Tense এই থাকবে কেবল মাত্র Being কথা টি যুক্ত হয়।

      Past Perfect Tense থাকলে Past Perfect Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হয়।

      Future Indefinite Tense থাকলে Future Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হয়।

      Future Continuous Tense থাকলে Future Continuous Tense এই থাকবে কেবল মাত্র Being কথাটি যুক্ত হয়।(বর্তমানে ব্যবহার নেই বললেই চলে)

      Future Perfect Tense থাকলে Future Perfect Continuous Tense এর সাহায্যকারী Verb আনতে হবে।

              

                যেমন :    Active    :  I              play          cricket

                                          Subject          Verb               Object

          Passive  :  Cricket  is played  by me

                                  Subject                     verb(P.P.)               Object

                                                Tense পরিবর্তন        by দ্বারা subject যুক্ত হয়

Active : I am playing cricket.

Passive: Cricket is being played by me.

Active: I have done the job.

Passive: The job has been done by me.

Active: I did the work.

Passve: The work was done by me.

Active: I was doing the work.

Passive: The work was being done by me.

Active: I had done the work.

Passive: The work had been done by me.

Active: I shall do the work.                                                     

Passive: The work will be done by me.

Active:  I shall be doing the work.

Passive: The work will be being done by me.

Active: I shall have done the work.

Passive: The work will have been done by me.

Acticve:  I know the matter.

Passive: The matter is known to me.

 [Know থাকলে to বসে by বসেনা ]

Interrogative Sentence  এর Voice change এর নিয়ম:-

Ø  Subject  টি Object স্থানে বসে । Object টি Subject স্থানে বসে ।

Ø  মূল Verb টি Past Participle Form এ হয় ।

Ø  Subject টি By দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় ।

Ø  Pronoun এর পরিবর্তন হয় ।যেমন: I—Me,We—US,You—You,He—Him,She—Her,They—Them.

Ø  Tense এর পরিবর্তন হয় ।

Ø  Intrerrogative বাক্যটি Interrogative formation এ থাকে।

যেমন-  Actve: Do you eat rice?

 Passive: Is rice eaten by you?

Active: Are you eating rice?

Passive: Is rice being eaten by you?

Active: Have you seen any man?

Passsive: Has any man been seen by you?

Active: Did you see a cow?

Passive: Was a cow seen by you?

Active: Was you doing the work?

Passive: Was the work being done by you.

Active: Had you seen my name?

Passive: Had my name been seen by you?

Active: Shall I eat rice?

Passive: Will rice be eaten by me?

Active: Will you read the passage?

Passive: Will the passage be read by you?

Ø  ‘Wh’ word যুক্ত বাক্যের Voice change:-

Ø  Subject  টি Object স্থানে বসে । Object টি Subject স্থানে বসে ।

Ø  মূল Verb টি Past Participle Form এ হয় ।

Ø  Subject টি By দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় ।

Ø  Pronoun এর পরিবর্তন হয় ।যেমন: I—Me,We—US,You—You,He—Him,She—Her,They—Them.

Ø  Tense এর পরিবর্তন হয় ।

Ø  “wh” word টি দিয়ে শুরু করতে হবে।

Ø  Interrogative formation এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।

যেমনঃ- Active: What does he want?

Passive: What is wanted by him?

Active: What did you tell him?

Passive: What was he told by you?

Active:  When did you write the letter?

Passive: When was the letter written by you?

 Active: Where did Anil find the bag?

Passive: Where was the bag found by Anil?

Active: Which Saree has Mouli selected?

Passive: Which saree has been selected by Mouli?

Active:   When will the child take rice?

Passive: When will rice be taken by the child?

Active: What will be eat at night?

Passive: What will be eaten by him at night?

Ø  ‘Who’ দিয়ে প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য থাকলে প্রথমে ‘By whom’ লিখে Passive voice করতে হবে।বাকি পরিবর্তন Interrogative Sentence এর Passive voice করবার মতোই।                    

যথাঃ-Active: Who does the job?

Passive: By whom is the job done?

Active: Who did the sum?

Passive: By whom was the sum done?

Active: Who is building this house?

Passive: By whom is the house being built?

Active: who called you a liar?

Passive: By whom were you called a liar?

Active: Who has broken the plate?

Passive: By whom has the plate been broken?

Imperative Sentence এর Voice change এর নিয়ম:-

Ø  Verb দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে Passive Voice করার সময় Let দ্বারা বাক্য শুরু হবে।

Ø  Object টি Subject হবে।

Ø  মূল Verb টি Past Participle form এ হবে।

Ø  মূল Verb টি be দ্বারা যুক্ত হবে।

Ø  বন্ধনীর মধ্যে by you লিখতে হয় কারন সব বাক্যেই You কে উদ্দেশ্য করে বলা হয়।

যেমনঃ- Active: Do it.

Passive: Let it be done.(by you)

Active: Help the begger.

Passive: Let the begger be helped.(by you)

Active: Open the door.

Passive: Let the door be opened.(by you)

Active: Give him an apple.

Passive: Let an apple be given (to) him.(by you)

Active: Do not watch television.

Passive: Let not television be watched.(by you)

Active: Do not laugh at the poor.

Passive: Let not the poor be laughed.(by you).

Active: Don’t waste time.

Passive: Let not time be wasted.(by you)

Ø  বাক্যে Please থাকলে Please এর পরিবর্তে You are requested to কথাটি বসে।

যেমনঃ- Active: Please open the door.

Passive: You are requested to open the door.

Active: Please help me.

Passive: You are requested to help me.

কোনও কোনও ক্ষেএে বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী you are requested to কথাটি বসে।

যেমনঃ- Active: Do not lean your head out of the window.

Passive: You are requested not to lean your head out of the window.

Active: Do not pull the chain unless required.

Passive: You are requested not to pull the chain unless required.

            Or. The chain is not to be pulled unless required.

Ø  অনেক ক্ষেএে Passive form করার সময় বাক্যের অর্থ বুঝে have,put বা উচিতার্থে

Should ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

যেমনঃ- Active: Tell him to come.

Passive: He should be told to come.

Active: Keep your promise.

Passive: Your promise should be kept.

Active: Put up a tent here.

Passive: Have a tent put up here.

Passive Voice of Quasi-Passive Verb(কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্যের রূপান্তর)

কোনও কোনও Verb, Active Voice-এ ব্যবহার হয়েও Passive এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।ঐ সকল Verb কে Quasi-Passive Verb (Quasi=Half) বলে।

যেমন:-Taste, feel, read, smell ইত্যাদি verbs.

1. Quasi-Passive Verbs with a Complement

Active: Honey tastes sweet.

Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

Active: Stone feels hard.

Passive: Stone is hard when it is felt.

Active: This bed feels soft.

Passive: This bed is soft when it is felt.

Active: This word sounds good.

Passive: This word is good when it is read.

2.Quasi-Passive Verbs with out Complement

Active: The house is building.

Passive: The house is being built.

Active: The book is printing.

Passive: The book is being printed.

Active: The cows are milking.

Passive: The cows are being milked.

[এ ছাড়াও মাষ্টার মহাশয়ের কাছে Practic এর সময় বাকী নিয়ম লিখে নেবে।]